UPSC Sociology Optional 2025 Paper I Q.1C — Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability...

upsc cse main — Sociology optional paper (2025), Paper I, Question 1C (10 marks, about 150 words).

Section: Section A | Type: Compulsory question

Syllabus mapping: Chapter 3 — Research Methods & Analysis | Topic c — Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.

Question: What is a variable in social research? What are their different types? Elaborate

Section A

1.(c)

What is a variable in social research? What are their different types? Elaborate

10 Marks 150 words 3. Research Methods & Analysis c. Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity

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This page contains the official UPSC Sociology Optional previous year question from 2025 Paper I (Q.1C). Use the model answer to practise structured Mains writing with sociological concepts, thinkers and contemporary examples.